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Unit 2: Earth processes – energy transfers and transformations Earth and Environmental Science

Earth system processes require energy. In this unit, students explore how the transfer and transformation of energy from the sun and Earth’s interior enable and control processes within and between the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. …

Unit 2 | Earth and Environmental Science | Science | Senior secondary curriculum

Rationale/Aims Earth and Environmental Science

Rationale Earth and Environmental Science is a multifaceted field of inquiry that focuses on interactions between the solid Earth, its water, its air and its living organisms, and on dynamic, interdependent relationships that have developed between these …

Rationale/Aims | Earth and Environmental Science | Science | Senior secondary curriculum

ACSES045

Processes within and between Earth systems require energy that originates either from the sun or the interior of Earth

ACSES047

Transfers and transformations of heat and gravitational energy in Earth's interior drives the movement of tectonic plates through processes including mantle convection, plume formation and slab sinking

ACSPH067

Waves are periodic oscillations that transfer energy from one point to another

ACSCH026

Differences in the properties of substances in a mixture, such as particle size, solubility, magnetism, density, electrostatic attraction, melting point and boiling point, can be used to separate them

ACSCH055

Observable properties, including vapour pressure, melting point, boiling point and solubility, can be explained by considering the nature and strength of intermolecular forces within a substance

ACSCH102

Volumetric analysis methods involving acid-base reactions rely on the identification of an equivalence point by measuring the associated change in pH, using chemical indicators or pH meters, to reveal an observable end point

ACSPH103

Point charges and charged objects produce an electric field in the space that surrounds them; field theory attributes the electrostatic force on a point charge or charged body to the presence of an electric field

ACSPH097

Gravitational field strength is defined as the net force per unit mass at a particular point in the field

ACSCH027

The type of bonding within substances explains their physical properties, including melting and boiling point, conductivity of both electricity and heat, strength and hardness

ACSPH096

When a mass moves or is moved from one point to another in a gravitational field and its potential energy changes, work is done on or by the field

ACSPH105

When a charged body moves or is moved from one point to another in an electric field and its potential energy changes, work is done on or by the field

ACSCH025

Materials are either pure substances with distinct measurable properties (for example, melting and boiling point, reactivity, strength, density) or mixtures with properties dependent on the identity and relative amounts of the substances that make up …

ACSCH061

Water is a key substance in a range of chemical systems because of its unique properties, including its boiling point, density in solid and liquid phases, surface tension, and ability to act as a solvent

ACSPH063

Newton’s Three Laws of Motion describe the relationship between the force or forces acting on an object, modelled as a point mass, and the motion of the object due to the application of the force or forces

ACSPH077

The speed of light is finite and many orders of magnitude greater than the speed of mechanical waves (for example, sound and water waves); its intensity decreases in an inverse square relationship with distance from a point source

ACSCH031

The properties of ionic compounds (for example, high melting point, brittleness, ability to conduct electricity when liquid or in solution) are explained by modelling ionic bonding as ions arranged in a crystalline lattice structure with forces of attraction …

ACSES024

Water’s unique properties, including its boiling point, density in solid and liquid phase, surface tension and its ability to act a solvent, and its abundance at the surface of Earth make it an important component of Earth system processes (for example, …

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