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Unit 1: Chemical fundamentals: structure, properties and reactions Chemistry

Chemists design and produce a vast range of materials for many purposes, including for fuels, cosmetics, building materials and pharmaceuticals. As the science of chemistry has developed over time, there has been an increasing realisation that the properties …

Unit 1 | Chemistry | Science | Senior secondary curriculum

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The activation energy is the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur and is related to the strength of the existing chemical bonds; the magnitude of the activation energy influences the rate of a chemical reaction

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Chemical systems may be open or closed and include physical changes and chemical reactions which can result in observable changes to the system

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Designing chemical synthesis processes involves constructing reaction pathways that may include more than one chemical reaction

Unit 4: Structure, synthesis and design Chemistry

Current and future applications of chemistry include the development of specialised techniques to create, or synthesise, new substances to meet the specific needs of society, including pharmaceuticals, fuels, polymers and nanomaterials. In this unit, …

Unit 4 | Chemistry | Science | Senior secondary curriculum

Unit 2: Molecular interactions and reactions Chemistry

In this unit, students develop their understanding of the physical and chemical properties of materials including gases, water and aqueous solutions, acids and bases. Students explore the characteristic properties of water that make it essential for physical, …

Unit 2 | Chemistry | Science | Senior secondary curriculum

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All physical changes are reversible, whereas only some chemical reactions are reversible

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Select, construct and use appropriate representations, including physical and graphical models of molecules, energy profile diagrams, electron dot diagrams, ionic formulae, chemical formulae, chemical equations and phase descriptors for chemical species …

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Select, construct and use appropriate representations including chemical symbols and formulae, molecular structural formulae, physical and graphical models of structures, chemical equations and thermochemical equations, to communicate conceptual understanding, …

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Oxidation can be modelled as the loss of electrons from a chemical species, and reduction can be modelled as the gain of electrons by a chemical species; these processes can be represented using half-equations

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Molecular manufacturing processes, including protein synthesis, involve the positioning of molecules to facilitate a specific chemical reaction; such methods have the potential to synthesise specialised products (for example, carbon nanotubes, nanorobots, …

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The properties of atoms, including their ability to form chemical bonds, are explained by the arrangement of electrons in the atom and in particular by the stability of the valence electron shell

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Carbon forms hydrocarbon compounds, including alkanes and alkenes, with different chemical properties that are influenced by the nature of the bonding within the molecules

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Varying the conditions present during chemical reactions can affect the rate of the reaction and in some cases the identity of the products

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The rate of chemical reactions can be quantified by measuring the rate of formation of products or the depletion of reactants

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Energy profile diagrams can be used to represent the enthalpy changes and activation energy associated with a chemical reaction

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The reversibility of chemical reactions can be explained by considering the activation energies of the forward and reverse reactions

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The effect of changes of temperature on chemical systems at equilibrium can be explained by considering the enthalpy changes for the forward and reverse reactions

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The effect of changes of concentration and pressure on chemical systems at equilibrium can be explained and predicted by applying collision theory to the forward and reverse reactions

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The strength of acids is explained by the degree of ionisation at equilibrium in aqueous solution, which can be represented with chemical equations and equilibrium constants (Ka)

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