Achievement standards

The student:

• analyses how processes of change have spatial consequences in places and environments across a range of scales, and evaluates the role of context
• analyses interconnections between people, places and environments, and evaluates their geographical significance and consequences
• analyses spatial distributions, patterns and associations at a range of scales and in different contexts, and makes reasoned predictions about plausible future changes
• evaluates alternative views on a geographical issue or challenge, and analyses how decision-making is informed by interacting environmental, economic and social factors at a range of scales

The student:

• explains how processes of change have spatial consequences in places and environments at a range of scales, and explains the role of context
• explains interconnections between people, places and environments, and analyses their geographical significance and consequences
• explains spatial distributions, patterns and associations at a range of scales and in different contexts, and predicts plausible future changes
• analyses alternative views on a geographical issue or challenge and explains how decision-making is informed by interacting environmental, economic and social factors

The student:

• explains how processes of change have consequences in places and environments at a range of scales and in different contexts
• describes interconnections between people, places and environments, and explains their geographical significance and consequences
• describes spatial distributions, patterns and associations at a range of scales and in different contexts, and predicts future changes
• explains alternative views on a geographical issue or challenge and describes how decision-making is informed by environmental, economic and social factors

The student:

• describes how processes of change affect places and environments at different scales
• identifies interconnections between people, places and environments, and describes their geographical significance and consequences
• describes spatial distributions, patterns and associations at a range of scales and in different contexts
• describes alternative views on a geographical issue or challenge, and identifies the role of environmental, economic and social factors in making decisions

The student:

• describes changes in places and environments with limited reference to scale
• identifies interconnections between people, places and environments, and outlines their consequences
• describes spatial distributions, patterns and associations
• describes alternative views on a geographical issue or challenge

• plans and undertakes comprehensive, independent geographical inquiries to collect and analyse relevant data and information based on a critical evaluation of a range of reliable and useful sources using valid methods
• selects, constructs and uses a range of appropriate representations to describe and analyse change in relationships and spatial patterns and trends over time and at a range of scales
• evaluates information and multivariable data to draw evidence-based conclusions that identify limitations and explain anomalies
• communicates complex ideas and coherent and sustained explanations effectively, selecting appropriate language and forms for specific audiences and purposes
• uses a range of reasoned criteria to propose and justify action in response to a contemporary geographical issue or challenge, and analyses probable outcomes of the action over a range of spatial and temporal scales

• plans and undertakes independent geographical inquiries selecting and using relevant methods and data and information based on a critical evaluation of a range of reliable and useful sources
• selects, constructs and uses appropriate representations to describe relationships and explain change in spatial patterns and trends over time and at different scales
• analyses information and multivariable data to draw evidence-based conclusions that identify limitations
• communicates complex ideas and coherent explanations clearly, selecting appropriate language and forms for audience and purpose
• uses a range of appropriate criteria to propose and justify action in response to a contemporary geographical issue or challenge and describes a range of probable outcomes of the action over time

• undertakes independent geographical inquiries, selecting and using relevant methods and data and information from a range of appropriate sources
• selects, constructs and uses appropriate representations to describe relationships and spatial patterns and trends over time
• interprets information and multivariable data to draw evidence-based conclusions
• communicates ideas and explanations clearly, using appropriate language and forms
• uses appropriate criteria to propose plausible action in response to a contemporary geographical issue or challenge, and describes possible outcomes of the action over time

• undertakes guided geographical inquiries using some appropriate sources
• constructs and uses representations to describe relationships and spatial patterns and trends
• interprets information and data to draw conclusions
• communicates ideas and information using appropriate language
• proposes action in response to a contemporary issue and describes some of the possible outcomes

• undertakes guided inquiries using limited sources
• constructs and uses simple representations to describe relationships and identify simple patterns and trends
• describes trends or patterns in data
• communicates ideas and information in a range of forms
• proposes action in response to a contemporary issue and identifies some of the possible outcome