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Elaboration (5) ACLVIU117

developing familiarity with similarities and differences in Vietnamese sound–letter correspondence, such as a, ă, â; e, ê; o, ô, ơ; u, ư; as well as c and k, i and y, s and x, and ch and tr

understanding and using onomatopoeic words such as ầm ầm, ào ào, rào rào, rì rào, róc rách, tí tách, đì đùng in own spoken and written texts, for example, sấm chớp ầm ầm, mưa rơi tí tách, gió thổi rì rào, suối chảy róc rách, pháo nổ đì đùng …

Elaboration (14) ACLVIU030

understanding Vietnamese onomatopoeic words, such as ầm ầm, ào ào, rào rào, rì rào, róc rách, tí tách, đì đùng, and using them in own spoken and written texts, for example, thác đổ ầm ầm, mưa rơi tí tách, gió thổi rì rào, suối chảy róc rách, …

Elaboration (7) ACLVIU169

using a range of expressions for indefinite quantities, for example, hàng ngàn, triệu triệu, vô số, hàng hà sa số, biết bao nhiêu là …

Elaboration (11) ACLVIU030

using a range of expressions for indefinite quantities, for example, hàng ngàn, triệu triệu, vô số, hàng hà sa số, biết bao nhiêu là …

Elaboration (2) ACLVIU187

identifying appropriate salutations, depending on personal relationship or social ranking, in specific text types such as emails, speeches or interviews, for example, Kính thưa … /Thưa … , …thân mến/thương mến, kính chào/chào …

Elaboration (5) ACLVIU031

understanding the use of text conventions such as culturally appropriate salutations and forms of address (depending on relationship or social status) in specific text types such as letters, speeches or interviews, for example, kính thưa/thưa/thân mến/thương …

Elaboration (4) ACLVIU173

explaining cultural references in Vietnamese folk and contemporary literature, for example, mừng tuổi, xông đất, trầu cau

Elaboration (2) ACLVIU035

explaining cultural references in Vietnamese texts, including multimodal and digital texts, for example, mừng tuổi, xông đất, trầu cau

Elaboration (8) ACLVIU135

noticing that interrogatives (khi nào, ở đâu, bao nhiêu) can be placed at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of questions, for example, Khi nào em đến? or Em đến khi nào?; Bao nhiêu tiền một nải chuối? or Một nải chuối giá bao nhiêu tiền?

Elaboration (3) ACLVIU138

reflecting on changes in language practices in modern Vietnamese, and making comparisons with traditional Vietnamese, for example, sử ký and lịch sử, thầy u and ba mẹ, sư phụ and thầy cô

Elaboration (2) ACLVIC158

commenting on the organisation of local community events and making suggestions for improvements, for example, Tết Trung Thu năm nay vui quá. Các cửa tiệm nên bán thêm nhiều lồng đèn hơn

Elaboration (1) ACLVIU172

reflecting on changes in own language use and identifying new terms and communicative modes that have been adopted as a result of the development of technology, for example, using abbreviations such as ‘u’, ‘LOL’, ‘YOLO’, ‘2u’ or ‘4u’ or emoticons instead …

Elaboration ACLVIU013

recognising that Vietnamese has multiple words for personal pronouns, for example, con, cháu, em and tôi can be used to indicate both first and second person depending on relationships

Elaboration (6) ACLVIU169

using direct speech, for example, Ba mẹ nói với tôi: ‘Con nên chăm học’, and indirect speech, for example, Ba mẹ bảo tôi nên chăm học, to relate ideas, opinions, actions and events

Elaboration ACLVIU185

recognising and using rhythm in complex sentences, using pauses and intonation to signal clause boundaries and emphasis, for example, Con thích cái áo mà mẹ tặng cho con hôm sinh nhật vừa rồi

Elaboration (9) ACLVIU186

understanding and using common Sino-Vietnamese words as appropriate to context (such as for formal occasions), for example, hội phụ nữ, not hội đàn bà; viện dưỡng lão, not nhà người già

Elaboration (3) ACLVIU029

recognising and using appropriate rhythm in complex sentences, using pauses and intonation to signal clause boundaries and emphasis, for example, Con thích cái áo mà mẹ tặng cho con hôm sinh nhật vừa rồi

Elaboration (7) ACLVIU030

using direct and indirect speech to report on ideas, opinions, actions and events, for example, Ba mẹ nói với tôi: ‘Con nên chăm học.’ and Ba mẹ bảo tôi nên chăm học

Elaboration (4) ACLVIC164

recognising changes required to sentence structure or word use in English–Vietnamese translation, for example, ‘This lesson is too hard to understand’ = Bài học này khó quá, tôi không hiểu được; ‘I can’t help laughing’ = Tôi không thể nhịn cười …

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