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ACSPH118

Interpret a range of scientific and media texts, and evaluate processes, claims and conclusions by considering the quality of available evidence; and use reasoning to construct scientific arguments

Select, construct and use appropriate representations, including text and graphic representations of empirical and theoretical relationships, simulations, simple reaction diagrams and atomic energy level diagrams, to communicate conceptual understanding, …

ACSPH120

Select, use and interpret appropriate mathematical representations, including linear and non-linear graphs and algebraic relationships representing physical systems, to solve problems and make predictions

ACSPH121

Communicate to specific audiences and for specific purposes using appropriate language, nomenclature, genres and modes, including scientific reports

ACSPH122

ICT and other technologies have dramatically increased the size, accuracy and geographic and temporal scope of datasets with which scientists work

ACSPH123

Models and theories are contested and refined or replaced when new evidence challenges them, or when a new model or theory has greater explanatory power

ACSPH124

The acceptance of science understanding can be influenced by the social, economic and cultural context in which it is considered

ACSPH125

People can use scientific knowledge to inform the monitoring, assessment and evaluation of risk

ACSPH126

Science can be limited in its ability to provide definitive answers to public debate; there may be insufficient reliable data available, or interpretation of the data may be open to question

ACSPH127

International collaboration is often required when investing in large-scale science projects or addressing issues for the Asia-Pacific region

ACSPH128

Scientific knowledge can be used to develop and evaluate projected economic, social and environmental impacts and to design action for sustainability

ACSPH129

Observations of objects travelling at very high speeds cannot be explained by Newtonian physics (for example, the dilated half-life of high-speed muons created in the upper atmosphere, and the momentum of high speed particles in particle accelerators …

ACSPH130

Einstein’s special theory of relativity predicts significantly different results to those of Newtonian physics for velocities approaching the speed of light

ACSPH131

The special theory of relativity is based on two postulates: that the speed of light in a vacuum is an absolute constant, and that all inertial reference frames are equivalent

ACSPH132

Motion can only be measured relative to an observer; length and time are relative quantities that depend on the observer’s frame of reference

ACSPH133

Relativistic momentum increases at high relative speed and prevents an object from reaching the speed of light

ACSPH134

The concept of mass-energy equivalence emerged from the special theory of relativity and explains the source of the energy produced in nuclear reactions

ACSPH135

Atomic phenomena and the interaction of light with matter indicate that states of matter and energy are quantised into discrete values

ACSPH136

On the atomic level, electromagnetic radiation is emitted or absorbed in discrete packets called photons; the energy of a photon is proportional to its frequency; and the constant of proportionality, Planck’s constant, can be determined experimentally …

ACSPH137

A wide range of phenomena, including black body radiation and the photoelectric effect, are explained using the concept of light quanta

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